Berlin deutsch

Photographer: Philipp Meuser, Berlin 2004
Institutions/contacts: Websites: contact for remarks:

 

General Data Berlin
Source of data: Statistical yera book Jahrbuch Berlin 2004

Geographic latitude (eastern latitude) 13° 24' 36"      
Geographic longitude (norhern longitude) 52° 31' 12"      
Total area (km²) 891,67   Inhabitants (01.01.1950) 3.336.026
Settlement area (km²) (01.01.2004) 483,00   Inhabitants (01.01.1970) 3.207.786
traffic area (km²) (01.01.2004) 135,68   Inhabitants (30.06.2004) 3.328.291
Agriculture area (km²) (Stand:01.01.2004) 43,93   Density of inhabitants (I./km²) 3.732
Forest area (km²) (01.01.2004) 160,54      
Water bodies (km²) (01.01.2004) 59,28   Motor vehicles (01.01.1950) no data available
Road network (km) (01.01.2004) 5.334   Motor vehicles (01.01.1970) 457.000
Mean altitude (above sea-level) 35 m   Motor vehicles (01.01.2005) 1.419.217
Lowest point (above sea-level)) 29,5 m      
Highest point (above sea-level) 115 m   Motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants (2005) 426

Climate/Air
Berlin lies in the transition-area between continental and more oceanic embossed climate. The relative shares of the effects can be derived in a first approximation from the frequency-distributions of the wind-directions.

    * West- until northwest-wind corresponds to the oceanic component,
    * East- until South-west-wind corresponds to the continental component.
In winter, the continental-influence makes itsself noticed with effect of east European high pressure-areas; under those circumstances, often temperature inversions take place. Furthermore Berlin shows all forms of the climate-situation of an urban influenced area.

In the last 15 years decreases of air pollution were reached quite considerably. The effective measures relating to plants in industry and trades and heating systems led to the factor, that the motor vehicle traffic came to the fore more and more. This and the introduction of new air-quality-criterias through the EC - especially for dust PM 10 - represents an aggravation which requires not only engineering solutions but also changes of the lifestyles ( cp. capter 'Air Pollution Control- and Action Plan 2005-2010)

Air Pollution in Berlin
Here you find informations about the air pollution by sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, PAH and traffic induced substances [carbon black, benzole, nitrogen dioxide] of the years 2003,2002,2001 and 2000 (only in german).

Mean Climate Data (1961-1990) Berlin-Dahlem
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Okt Nov Dec Year
Temperature (°C) -0,4 0,6 4,0 8,4 13,5 16,7 17,9 17,2 13,5 9,3 4,6 1,2 8,9
Absolute highest temperature (°C) *) 15,2 18,6 25,1 30,9 33,2 35,0 37,8 37,7 34,2 27,5 19,5 15,7 37,8
Mean daily maximum temperature (°C) 1,8 3,5 7,9 13,1 18,6 21,8 23,1 22,8 18,7 13,3 7,0 3,2 12,9
Absolute lowest temperature (°C) *) -21,0 -26,0 -16,5 -6,7 -2,9 0,8 5,4 4,7 -0,5 -9,6 -16,1 -20,2 -26,0
Mean daily minimum temperature (°C) -2,9 -2,2 0,5 3,9 8,2 11,4 12,9 12,4 9,4 5,9 2,1 -1,1 5,1
Ice days (max. <0°C) 9,2 5,9 1,3 <0,1 0 0 0 0 0 <0,1 1,3 7,2 24,8
Frosty days (min. <0°C) 19,9 17,6 12,6 3,4 0,2 0 0 0 <0,1 1,3 8,4 17,0 80,3
Heating degree days  31,0 28,0  31,0  29,8  13,2  3,9  0,8  0,7  9,4  31,0  30,0  31,0  239,8 
Summer days (>25°C) 0 0 <0,1 0,4 3,3 7,8 10,3 9,1 2,1 0,1 0 0 33,1
Hot days (>30°C) 0 0 0 0,1 0,2 1,2 2,5 1,6 0,1 0 0 0 5,6
Days with precipitation > 0,1 mm 17,8 14,3 15,5 14,2 14,0 14,9 13,9 13,4 14,4 14,3 17,0 18,2 181,9
Precipitation (l/m²) 43,2 36,6 37,5 42,2 55,3 70,7 53,1 65,3 45,5 35,8 49,5 54,5 589,2
Mean wind speed (m/sec) 3,4 3,5 3,8 3,3 3,1 3,0 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,9 3,3 3,3 3,2
Sun altitude (degrees, on 15th of month) 16,4 24,8 35,4 47,3 56,4 60,8 59,1 51,6 40,6 29,0 19,0 14,3 37,5
Sunshine (hours) 45,4 72,3 122,1 157,7 221,6 220,9 218,0 210,2 156,3 110,8 52,4 37,4 1624,8
Sunshine (hours/day) 1,5 2,6 3,9 5,3 7,1 7,4 7,0 6,8 5,2 3,6 1,7 1,2 4,4
Global radiation
(W/m²)
23 48 98 142 195 217 198 160 122 65 27 17 110
Global radiation
(kWh/m² per day)
0,52 1,14 2,34 3,39 4,66 5,18 4,73 3,82 2,91 1,55 0,64 0,40 2,62

*) 1909-1999

Data sources: "Beilagen zur Berliner Wetterkarte" (KBD), Institute of Meteorology, Free University Berlin;
Hupfer, P. and Chmielewski, F.-M.: "Das Klima von Berlin", 1990